of trade) at years end, despite efforts to diversify its foreign policy and economy. Law enforcement agencies did not disperse the rallies or detain most participants during the early wave of demonstrations in February. 73 Besides an upgraded electronic Schedule of Court Sessions, two new online services were introduceda Data Bank of Courts Decisions and Electronic Justice. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). 4 Moreover, the president has virtually unlimited powers in the appointment of judges and reorganizing courts. 68 There were also no significant appointments to higher positions in the judicial system during the year, with the exception of the election of Natalia Karpovich as the new deputy chairman of the Constitutional Court on July. In 2017, the number of criminal cases associated with bribery and abuse of official positions increased.3 and.5 percent respectively. 47 At the same time, such changes did not have a significant impact on the media market in Belarus. This tactic led to some strains in relations with Russia.

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At the same time, substantial political reforms, including, among others, a revision of the electoral system and a broadening of the space for political competition, are unlikely. At the same time, however, the Belarusian authorities failed to comply with recommendations of the Group of States against Corruption (greco) and did not allow the publication of the report submitted to the organisation. Pyotr Miklashevich has been chairman of the Constitutional Court since 2008, Valiantsin Sukala has been chairman of the Supreme Court since 1997. Although the crisis subdued in June, some tensioned remained at years end. In January, an interdepartmental expert working group met to review the osce/odihr recommendations on improving electoral process in Belarus, based on the findings from the 2016 parliamentary elections. 36 This funding cut forced gongos to seek additional sources of funding and to be more open to cooperation with genuine CSOs, while conversely, international donors also became more open to cooperation with gongos, since the normalization of relations between Belarus and the EU led. He holds a PhD in Political Science and is the head of the organizing committee of the International Congress of Belarusian Studies. At the local level, authorities gained more independence from the state authorities in spending the financial resources that they obtained. Financial difficulties also led to the promotion of private sector development. 3 (On preventing freeloading practices which sought to tax non-working citizens. In an effort to maintain these relations, and to improve the political climate, in June the authorities de-escalated their repressive tactics, while maintaining cooperation with NGOs and civic initiatives.